Author: Joseph Delgadillo

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In this video we are going to discuss lists and what they are in Python. So, if you have experience with programming in other languages, let’s say PHP, you know to create an array, and what an array is. For those who do not have experience programming, an array is a way of keeping data organized and within a single construct. For single-dimensional arrays, we can implement it as a list in Python. To create a list in Python we use square brackets:

["Movies", "Games", "Python"]

This becomes a list that has 3 indexes. To call the first item in the list you write the following:

["Movies", "Games", "Python"][0]

Remember, when programming the first ID of the item in a list or an array will be 0. We can also concatenate a list item with a string.

print("I Like" + ["Movies", "Games", "Python"][0])

If we were to change the index to number to 1 it would print out “I Like Games”. So, that is what a list is in Python. It’s just a way to create a collection under one variable. In the next video we will cover dictionaries.

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In this video we’re going to be talking about Boolean operators. So, what is a Boolean? This is a general programming concept, and a Boolean consists of two items – true and false. Basically, truth checking. So, let’s have a look at some of the ways we can generate a true or false. Let’s start with 5=5. In math terms this is true, but a single equal sign is used to assign a value to a variable in Python. When comparing two numbers or strings you will need to use double equal signs like so.

5==5

Python will return True. If we try 5==4, Python will return False. We can also write the following:

5 is 5

Python will return True. If we were to write 5 is 4, Python will return False. Similarly, 5 is not 4 will return True. We can also compare strings.

"I like pizza"=="I like pizza"

Python will return true. In the next video we will cover Python’s version of arrays which are called lists.

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What are some of the fun and useful things that we can do with strings in Python? Go ahead and open up a either your IDE, terminal, or command prompt and follow along. I find that if you’re simply told to do something you may not remember the procedure next time. However, if you actually perform that actions yourself, it is much more likely to stick. So, the first thing we are going to cover is concatenating strings. Concatenating is essentially gluing two things together. Below is an example of concatenating two strings together:

"Hello, " + "Nick"

As you can see, you concatenate two strings by using the “+” operator. You can also use the string function to convert an integer to a string like so:

"This costs" + str(6) + "dollars

You can also perform mathematical operations within the string function parameter.

"This costs" + str(6+5) + "dollars"

So, how do we do the opposite of concatenation? We can split strings by using the “:” operator.

"Hello:Nick"

This all may not seem very exciting, and you may or may see how this could be useful, but you will see later on why concatenating is useful when coding.

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Before we actually get into functional programming with Python we need to discuss some basic types, and then variables, and some other stuff. So, in this video we ‘re going to be covering numbers. So, what is a number? Well, I’m sure everyone knows what a number is. We have all been through grade grade school. For our purposes, there are two types of numbers – integers and floating points. A floating point is basically any number that has a decimal included in it. In this video we will write some numbers on the screen, perform a few mathematical operations, and convert numbers into strings.

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What kind of working environment do we need to be efficient at programming with Python? Feel free, if you would like, to open up a basic text editor, write a script, and then go to the terminal or command prompt and run it. That would be very inefficient for a variety of reasons, and so we’re going to be using an integrated development environment (IDE). The IDE we will be using in this tutorial series is called PyCharm, and it was built by a company called JetBrains. The community version is completely free and you can download it here:

https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/

PyCharm utilizes Java, so if it isn’t already installed you can find it here:

https://java.com/en/download/

Let’s take a quick tour around PyCharm and then get into the language itself.

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In this video we are going to talk about the difference between an interpreted programming language and a compiled programming language. Now, this may be a bit adept for the novice programmer, but just stick with us. So, first, with a compiled programming language you write your code, you save it into a file, and it is not yet executable. For example, let’s say you are writing C++ code, you write a script, and if you try to open that file with the .cpp extension (which is for C++ files), it is just going to open that in a text editor or code editor. What you need to do with a compiled programming language, is once you save your file you need to compile it into a language that the computer can read, so binary (zeros and ones), and by compiling this filing into and executable file, then you can double click it and it will run. This is where you will get the .exe file for Windows.

So, with Python you can write a script and you can instantaneously run that script without having to compile it into binary. When you run Python scripts you’re going to run it with the Python command, and then the name of the file, and what happens is you’re running the program Python which is interpreting your code in real-time. So, it does compile your code into binary, but it does what is called just-in-time compilation. The interpreter is great to use if you want to test something quickly, or if you want to debug a few lines of code.

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So, we have learned about installing and using Python within MacOS and Linux, and those two operating systems have a similar process because they’re both derived from the UNIX operating system. However, setting up Python on Windows is a bit different, so in this video we will walk-through the process. First, go to https://www.python.org/downloads/ and select the latest Python 3 version. If you need to check whether you have a 32 or 64 bit system, right-click on the Windows icon on the bottom left of your desktop, and select system. Once you have downloaded the file, open up the installer and make you check the box to add Python to path, and then click install now. This procedure should work for Windows 7, 8, and 10.

I go into great detail covering how to verify that the PATH is set to the correct version of Python, and installing new packages using pip in the command prompt, but I think it is much easier to show the steps in the video 🙂

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The first thing that we need to do to get into programming with Python is installing it. In this video we will discuss the three different methods for installing Python on your system. First, we will discuss MacOS because that is the system I will be using. So, what we’re going to do is open up the terminal and run a Ruby command to download and install Homebrew:

/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

Homebrew is a package manager that enables you to install various programs without having to search for a source on the internet. If you have used Linux, using a package manage should be very familiar to you. You can find more information on Homebrew at https://brew.sh/. Next, we will run the following command in terminal:

brew install python3

MacOS does ship with a version of Python 2 pre-installed, but we will be using Python 3 in this tutorial series. To verify that Python 3 was installed, run the follow command:

python3 --version

If you are using Ubuntu, or some other Debian based Linux distribution, you are going to open up a terminal window and run the following command:

sudo apt-get install python3

Similar to Mac, you can type python3 –version to verify that it was installed correctly. Fedora now comes with Python 3 as a system dependency, and if you are using RHEL/CentOS you will type the following command in terminal to install Python 3.6.1:

sudo yum install python36u

If nothing seems to happen or if you receive an error message, check to see if Python 3 is already installed on your system. Lastly, to install Python 3 on Windows you will need to go to https://www.python.org/downloads/. You will download either the 32 or 64 bit version depending on your operating system, and proceed through the installation. I will cover how to install Python 3 on Windows 10 in the next video.

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