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In this tutorial we will continue with the section on SSL stripping and ARP spoofing. We will finish the chapter with a demonstration of several websites on both Firefox and Explorer.
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If you find yourself needing assistance at any point throughout the tutorial series, feel free to enroll in The Complete Ethical Hacking Course Bundle for 1 on 1 help!
If you find yourself needing assistance at any point throughout the tutorial series, feel free to enroll in The Complete Ethical Hacking Course Bundle for 1 on 1 help!
In this tutorial we will begin a chapter on man in the middle attacks. In this video we will begin covering SSL stripping and ARP spoofing. I will show you how to install the necessary programs on both Kali and Fedora Linux.
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In this tutorial we will continue covering signal jamming and denial of service (DoS) using Kali Linux. We will write our own BASH script to automate the process.
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In this tutorial we we cover signal jamming and denial of service (DoS) using Kali Linux. I will show you how to conduct a scan of surrounding networks, how to troubleshoot any issues you may be having with your network card, and the measures you can take to protect yourself.
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In this tutorial we will continue with our Reaver use case. I will demonstrate how to find the WPS pin authentication for your router, and how to use an algorithm to reverse engineer your routers pin number. We will also cover how to avoid the AP rate limiting error.
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In this tutorial we will continue with our Reaver use case. I will demonstrate how to scan for networks, how to choose a network, and how to begin the process of exploiting the router pin authentication process.
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In this tutorial we will begin a tutorial on how to obtain access to WPS router pins using Reaver. We will briefly discuss the setup process, how to access your routers administration interface, and the arguments you will need to use when using Reaver. This video will serve as an introduction.
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Hello everybody and welcome to the continuation of this tutorial. Anyway, today we’re going to do the actual cracking of the captured file, which is basically a follow up tutorial on the previous one. Make sure you watch these in the proper order, as they are usually tied to one another.
Anyway, we have aircrack-ng, so I’m just going to go ahead and type that in, aircrack-ng. We need -w for either the password or word list that we will be using. You can find these online and download them, and I’ve seen some pretty good ones. It will be around 48 gigabytes, something like that, however you will need to keep certain things in mind. First of all, the region where you’re performing this. For example, if you’re doing this in the US, or Canada, or any other English-speaking area, you will be able to find some relatively good word lists that you can use. If you are in a region such as mine where people mainly speak Slavic languages, an English word list is not going to be very helpful. Or, if you’re, for example, in Russia, or perhaps in France, or something of a kind, there are specified word lists for those particular languages. But, more often than not, they don’t tend to work. As I said, if you’re in an English-speaking region, try out a word list. People tend to either repeat passwords, or they tend to use fairly similar ones, so the likelihood of the password being in the word list is pretty high. This is what is referred to as a dictionary attack. You literally take a dictionary from somewhere, you type the name of the file here after download, and then you pass it to aircrack-ng, and then you start cracking, which is a fairly difficult process to do. But, over a certain period of time, it will practically finish trying all of the possible combinations, within the dictionary, in a reasonable amount of time. It might take a day or two, or something like that, but if you’re sitting next to a Wi-Fi you can spread this attack out. Once you begin cracking the password, you can sit in your house without a connection to the internet. The capture process requires being connected to the network, the cracking process is conducted on your local machine. This is very important, it is completely different from an online attack.
However, I am in a region where word lists are not very useful, and therefore I’m going to take a different approach. I’m going to say -w for a file to be read in, but I will also tell it to read in from standard output. Now I do need to specify the actual capture file, so SCAN_test-01.cap, let’s just expand this to full screen, excellent! So, I have SCAN_test-01.cap, and the final thing that I need to put in is the ESSID, which is Something. Now in front of it all I’m going to use crunch and pass it to a list of arguments. With -F you can actually specify what sort of characters will be assigned to which positions. So, for example, I would strongly advise looking through the man pages of crunch, let me just show you. Clear, and man crunch, excellent! So we have the man page for crunch, and you have these arguments, and so on and so forth. And if we go down below, this is f /path/to/charset.list which we might actually use as well. I’ve showed you that, but we’ll see whether that is convenient for our purpose. Sorry, it’s not -f, it’s -t. All of these symbols present certain types of characters. So, for example, the @ represents lowercase letters. The % sign represents numbers. The ^ I believe is capital letters, etc. You don’t need to memorize the syntax. Just take a look at the man page and figure out how to write the command.
So, keep in mind that the @ sign is an option, comma is an option, percentage sign is an option, and the caret sign is an option. Look at what it says, the explanation is practically perfect. Specifies a pattern, an example of a pattern, says your god. Believe it or not, people actually use that in their passwords. And he has two @ signs at the front, and four @ signs in the back. Look at what the @ sign represents, will insert lowercase characters. It will use this word, and it will insert lowercase characters in front and behind. If he had placed a comma in there it would insert uppercase characters. If he had inserted a percentage sign somewhere in there, it would insert numbers, not a caret sign, a percentage sign. And the caret sign is down below, it will insert symbols. That is why it is very important to acquaint yourselves with the sort of password that you are breaking. You cannot just walk in and break a password, brute-force it, without knowing anything about it previously. That’s just highly unlikely to happen. I mean, even with the best of machines out there, it will not work as well as you want it to. I’m running a few virtual machines in the background, so perhaps my CPU usage will be a bit lower, but I’ve managed to turn everything off and max it out. It was on 1,700 passwords per second. I think I could have gotten to 2,200 if I overclocked my processor, but I don’t have the proper cooling system.
That is a very important aspect to this. You will need to watch the temperature of your processor. If you’re using an Intel Core processor it will shut down by default, it will not allow you to destroy it by overheating it. On the right side of the screen here I have a temperature meter. You will see that the current temperature is around 61 degrees Celsius. When I begin the brute force attack with aircrack, it will load the CPU to ridiculous extent, and you will see how the CPU temperature will increase. When you’re performing this attack, you may wish to consider employing some extra cooling systems in order to reduce the temperature of your processor. That will not only decrease the chance of something malfunctioning, but it also increase the amount of attempts it can perform per second.
Anyway, without further ado, I’m going to type in crunch -t. I want you to use four numbers in front, and I know that the word is thunder so I’m going to type it in. I’m going to say, 123456789, and 0. Also, I need a pipe. A pipe is simply saying, whatever comes out of this, pass it to this. And this argument here is saying, read from whatever is passed, or from standard output. Press ENTER, and there we go. This is going to take a while. Actually, this is not going to work because I am a genius who failed to actually pass the proper length. Once passing length, and in combination with what we did here, you absolutely need to make sure that it’s exactly the same length. 11, 11, excellent! Press ENTER, and the scan is in progress. There we go, key found in a ridiculously short amount of time. Primarily because, I already knew a good portion of it. Let’s try something different. Let’s remove this, and if I remember correctly hat was for capital letters, I believe it was a comma? Let’s verify that because I’m not all-knowing, and comma will insert uppercase letters. Yes, it will. My memory still serves me well. I will remember to treat my brain with something later. Press ENTER, and the amount of possible combinations is not that large. I wanted to make sure that you had the opportunity to see the maximum amount of tries here.
Let me go ahead and close all of my other virtual machines. Once I do that, I will have more CPU power to spare, that I can devote to this brute-forcing method. I remember getting up to 1700. Once again, it’s found it within a reasonable amount of time. Let’s try passing a character set. So, it’s a lowercase f, /path/to/charset.lst charset-name. I need to go ahead and type in cd Desktop/crunch-3.6/, excellent! ls, and we have a charset somewhere in here. I’m pretty sure it’s crunch.c, Makefile, crunch.1, charset.lst, excellent! Here we go, let’s type in less charset.lst, and here we have the names as I stated before for pretty much all the charsets in existence. We can specify these manually, but it’s better to use these charsets as there is a much smaller probability of an actual mistake. Let’s use mixalpha-numeric-space, and this is going to significantly increase the amount of possible combinations. It will probably take until tomorrow to actually guess it, but oh, well. Press ENTER, and it’s still giving me a relatively small number of combinations. Let’s remove this one to say @@, and this one as well, @, press ENTER, it’s 726 gigabytes. Now this will take a significant amount of time. Let’s see what else we can close in order to increase it. Oh, I know why it’s so low. I am recording my screen for this tutorial. That is eating up my memory and CPU time as well.
I would like to show you something else before I wrap this tutorial up, because I have a feeling I’ve already breached the allotted time. If you have some sort of temperature meter on your computers, you will notice that after an hour, or something like that, the temperature will begin to rise. What you can do here in order to alleviate the stress on a single machine, and in order to increase the number of possible attempts, you can actually use this command and specify either a list of characters. For example, you can tell one machine, okay, I want you to do all of the combinations for 9 9. Of course, then this option would not be possible any longer. We would need to delete this, and another machine could do, for example, 10 10. Another one could do 11 11. This technique is especially useful for laptops, because a single laptop doesn’t have a ton of processing power. Laptops weren’t actually amazing. So we actually merged not just a few laptops but also desktop computers. I remember merging 10-20 computers together to conduct a brute-force attack. They were all generating passwords. You can give different parameters to different computers to execute it on the captured file. Because this captured file is portable, you can conduct a brute forcing attack offline. In the follow up tutorials, I will show you some other methods for how you can attack wireless access points, and what you can do with them. In any case, I bid you farewell, and I hope to see you in the next tutorial.
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Hello everybody and welcome to this tutorial. Let’s continue from where we left off in the previous video.
I have a live capture here in progress, I’m going to go ahead and cancel it, and now I will take the information that I need. So, the next command that we’re going to use, again, is airodump-ng. We will use it in combination with a few aditional arguments in order to conduct a more precise scan, so that we can capture the four-way handshake which we need in order to continue with the exercise. Go ahead and type in airodump, and you don’t need to memorize the full command. You can type in air, and then press Tab twice. If it doesn’t work after Tabbing twice, press it how ever many times until you find the command you need. The terminal will tell you what your possibilities are. What we need is airodump, and this is the command that we need. Go ahead and type in O, Tab it again, it will give you fewer options, dump-ng, and that’s it. One of the first things that we’re going to need to do is specify the channel on which my wireless is functioning. For this particular exercise I will be using channel 6. So, channel 6, and what is the BSSID? This is the BSSID. Don’t attempt to retype it, copy/paste it just to be sure it is entered in correctly. If you miss a single a single character here, nothing will be achieved. Now we need a file to write to. I will name mine SCAN_test. The final thing that I’m going to need is this BSSID. Go ahead and copy it, and we’ll just reformat this a bit. I’m fairly certain it would work like this as well, but we always want to make our code nice and clean so that it can be read and understood for troubleshooting purposes. When you have commands, text, and code spread around, it can be difficult to figure out what is where. Maybe you can in that moment, but try doing it the next day and it can be difficult to pick up where you left off. Go ahead and press Enter.
Okay, so what does it say? No interface specified. Every time you do this you actually do need to specify an interface. Mine is wlp2s0, that is my wireless interface that is currently in monitor mode, so press ENTER, and there we go. Our scan is now in progress. I have another device that is connected to the network, that’s this device, it’s BSSID, and station. A station is a device that is connected to this access point. You will not be able to perform this exercise if you do not have any stations that are connected to your access point. This is because you have nothing to deauthenticate, there is nothing conducting the authentication process which you can capture. We will be deauthenticating this device, and this is also a method that you can use in order to perform a DoS attack on a wireless network. It is nearly guaranteed to work. Pretty much any public wireless network will be vulnerable to this, and you will be able to deauthenticate every device on the network. This, of course, is susceptible to misuse. I would like to ask you, since I am doing this for educational purposes, not to do that.
Anyway, that being said, we need to use aireplay-ng, and this is used for deauthentication purposes. We’ll just go ahead and type it in, air, and once again I will use Tab to complete the command, replay-ng. What I want to do is pass an argument of -0, and then I’m going to give it the 0 again. I will explain in a moment what these are, – a, and the MAC address of the access point. We don’t need the BSSID flag there. These two arguments state the number of deauthentication transmissions that you wish to send. If you put a 0 in it sends it into an infinite loop. You will permanently be deauthenticating pretty much every device on this particular MAC address. For example, if you wish to temporarily disrupt connections you can type in 10, or 9, or something like that. There are even options to deauthenticate particular clients. But, for the time being, I’m going to send a general deauthentication request transmission. This will deauthenticate everybody on this particular wireless access point. Since it is my wireless access point, I don’t really care. I only one device associated with it, and that device will be disconnected shortly. If you wish to verify this, you can connect your cell phone, and you can connect them to your Wi-Fi access points, and then you can try performing a DoS attack on yourself to see how it works. If you have any troubles, feel free to ask me in the question section. The procedure is exactly the same as what I’m doing now. You will then notice that the Wi-Fi connection on your phone is breaking. When that starts happening, when the deauthentication request start being sent, try accessing a website through your cell phone. You will see that you can’t because there is something obstructing your connection, and you are no longer associated with that access point. I would recommend trying this as it’s a fantastic exercise. You cannot cause any damage to your network or devices. As soon as the deauthentication requests stop your connection will be restored.
Let’s go ahead and execute our command. One of the downsides of aircrack is that you need to type in the interface every single time. Excellent! I am now broadcasting the deauthentication signal. Sure enough, I have lost connection to the network on all of my devices. Leave it running for a while just to make sure that you have deauthenticated the device, because you cannot see the device that you are deauthenticating. At a certain point of time, after a couple of minutes, maybe less, you can cancel it. Due to the proximity I can go ahead and cancel it now, and my device will automatically try to reconnect. Once it does, I will capture that authentication, and it should work just fine. In a moment, we should get a four-way handshake in the upper right corner, and there we go. It says WPA handshake for this MAC address. At this point of time, you can go ahead and stop the capture process as there is really no longer a point to do it. We have captured the information that we needed. It’s all here.
In the next tutorial we will take apart the file which we have captured, and see what we can do with it, and how we can actually crack it. That is the difficult part of this process. Capturing traffic is not a problem, finding the
wireless access point is not a problem, the problem is cracking the encryption itself. Now, keep in mind you must absolutely have at least one device that is associated with this access point, and the BSSID. If there are several devices you may want to consider a different denial of service attack. You shouldn’t deauthenticate them all. Select a few and leave them running. So, if you have 10 or 20 devices, you can select 5 of them. If just 5 of them don’t work they’ll usually look to the person next to them, or something like that, and they’ll see that it’s working for them. So, the general conclusion that pretty much everybody draws from that is, oh, it has to have something to do with my device. Let me just attempt to reconnect to the network. We will go over this in great detail when we cover denial of service attacks, but for the time being just know that it is an option. In any case, I bid you farewell, and I sincerely hope to see you in the follow-up tutorial where we will actually crack the code.
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