Learn Ethical Hacking Episode #11: Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions

 

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Hello everybody and welcome to this tutorial. Today, I will continue from where I left off in the previous video. Now if you remember we issued the apt-get update and apt-get upgrade commands that took a bit of time to finish and process. I was prompted once, I was given a readme file in regards to the wget packet, and the way you handle it is you press Q to exit. You do not close the terminal and terminate the updates, you just press Q to exit the readme file, and the update process will continue without any problems.

Now we need to configure the sources list. These are the list of repositories from which your Linux distro actually pulls various packets and information from. If you go onto the Kali Linux website, you will find links to the official repository list:

https://docs.kali.org/general-use/kali-linux-sources-list-repositories

To manually add the repositories in Kali Linux, open up terminal, type in cd /etc.apt/, ls, and you will see sources.list. Go ahead and type nano sources.list, press ENTER, and you are now in the repository file. This is where they are listed, this is where you can add/remove them. So let’s go ahead and copy these two. Duplicate repositories are not going to break anything. The system is smart enough to realize that for itself. Just copy all four of them, press Ctrl + O, Enter, Ctrl + X to exit, and there you go. So, once again, Ctrl + O to save a file, so press Ctrl + O, Enter, and then Ctrl + X to exit. Excellent! Go ahead and clear your terminal. Now we need to enter apt-get update. So we’re not upgrading the system, we’re just updating the repository lists. This should go through relatively fast, and at the end it is most likely going to report duplicates, but that is fine. Why are we doing this? Well, we do need these repositories in order to install the necessary headers for the Kali Linux kernel, which we will need in order to install VirtualBox guest additions. If we continue to work in this smaller screen it wouldn’t be ideal, trust me. We’re going to be multi-tasking, we’re going to have multiple windows open, and a small screen would present difficulties. We received an error. It’s a w, so it’s a warning. It says duplicate sources.list, duplicate sources.list, duplicate sources.list, no big deal. We can correct these problems later on, if we wish, but for the time being there is no need. Let me just go ahead and clear the screen.

Now what we need to do is install two more packages which will allow us to install and run VirtualBox guest additions. I have a prebuilt command here that I’m going to run. You have apt-get, you’re calling the packet manager, you’re telling it to do an update. Since we already did a few updates, I don’t actually need that portion of the command. I’m just going to go ahead and use apt-get install -y, and then I have dkms, that’s one package. And then I have another package, because you can specify multiple packages here, and then I have linux-headers- This is a variable, this dollar sign, this is some sort of variable, a string, and whatever this command uname -r outputs will be stored into this variable, and it will be added to this text line here. So let me just show you. I have uname -r that I ran here on my terminal, and what I got was the kernel version and the system architecture, 64 or 32 bit. I’m going go ahead and press Enter. There is nothing to do as I have previously installed them. I didn’t want to waste time during this tutorial. This command should process without any problems. The -y argument tells your packet manager to answer any questions with yes. I’m going to go ahead and run apt-get upgrade, and let me clear the screen.

Let’s proceed with he VirtualBox guest additions installation. Go ahead and click on devices, insert the guest additions CD image, and there we go. This is a warning of the Kali Linux issues, and the many other Linux operating system issues. If you have content that is on a CD, or a USB, or something like that, and if it’s configured to run automatically, the system will block it, and then it will ask you for permission to run it. So, the medium contains software intended to be automatically started. Would you like to run it? I’m going to go ahead and click run and most likely get an error. There we go, error autotorunning software, cannot find the autorun program. Now the error message, yeah, it doesn’t really tell us much in this case. I suppose we could take a look at the log files, but here is the solution which you can apply as this is a common problem that people encounter. So just go ahead and type cd in the terminal to change the working directory. Navigate over to where the VirtualBox guest additions CD is, you can use the same path that I’m using. So, media and then ls, and cd cdrom0/. So we are now here, and I have a listing of pretty much all of the contents of the CD. This is a virtual CD, it’s not a real one, but it works pretty much the same. So this is the file that I want. I want to move it from here, so I’m just gonna go ahead and use the command co. You can also use the move command, but you’re permanently going to remove it from here, and that is not what we want to do. So just type in cp for copy, type the name of whatever you wish to copy, very simple, and then specify the path to where you want the file to be copied. I want it to be copied in my home directory. Press ENTER, and there we go. Now navigate over to your home directory, get a listing, there it is. To run a script in Linux, any executable file in general, type ./ and then the name of that file, press Enter. There we go, it is running. The guest additions are being installed. I have attempted this process before just to make sure everything would run smoothly, and that’s why it says removing existing things. Anyway, it might take a while for it to finish, but I assure you it will. There is a lot of things to do, and that’s why it’s taking a bit more of your time. Now aside from the full screen functionality that we’re going to get by installing VirtualBox guest additions, just in case you think it’s a bit of a pointless effort if you are a student, you also have other devices, drag-and-drop, and shared clipboard. What are these? Well, drag and drop, the name itself is self-explanatory. You just pull a file from somewhere and then pull it onto your virtual machine, or vice versa, but I don’t like to enable drag-and-drop. What I do like to do is enable shared clipboard, host to guest. Now, here’s why. I use my web browser on my host to watch YouTube videos, and you don’t want to bother with installing flash on Kali Linux, it can be problematic. So, host guest copy pasting is very useful and you will need it, I assure you. There is a shared folder settings. You can either construct a shared folder or you can have a localized web server on both machines where you can pull the information from, and put the information there if configured properly, but shared folders are better for such purposes. Anyway, you can view what has happened here, it has been listed here. The most important part of it all is that you don’t have any reports of anything failing. Let’s go ahead and type reboot in terminal and press Enter. Let me just load the full screen, and let us see if it will actually happen, if the VirtualBox guest additions that we have installed will work. If they do work, great. If they don’t, we’re going to have to try something else, as these things do have a tendency to break. Okay, I need to login first to root, and test below, excellent, there we go. I have a full screen, and the image is being adjusted, excellent! So we have Kali Linux now running in full-screen mode which is fantastic. If you were using KaliLinux as your main machine, as your host machine, you wouldn’t need to bother with install guest additions. But, as I stated previously, it is not recommended.

In any case, that will be it for this tutorial. These are pretty much all of the preparations that you needed to make, and next up we’re going to get into the Linux command line interface. I need to acquaint you with it. Even though we have covered aa few of the commands, they are a very small portion of what we need to learn, and I do need to explain them in greater depth. And with that I bid you farewell, and sincerely hope to see you in the next tutorial.

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